STOLAND

The STOLAND system includes air data, navigation, guidance, flight director (including a throttle flight director on the Augmentor Wing), 3-axis autopilot and autothrottle functions. The 3-axis autopilot and autothrottle control through parallel electric servos on both aircraft and on the augmentor wing, the system also interfaces with three electrohydraulic series actuators which drive the roll control surfaces, elevator and rudder. The system incorporates automatic configuration control of the flaps and nozzles on the augmentor wing and of the flaps on the Twin Otter. Interfaces are also provided to control the wing flap chokes on the Augmentor Wing and the spoilers on the Twin Otter. The STOLAND system has all the capabilities of a conventional integrated avionics system. Aircraft stabilization is provided in pitch, roll and yaw including control wheel steering in pitch and roll. The basic modes include altitude hold and select, indicated airspeed hold and select, flight path angle hold and select, and heading hold and select. The system can couple to TACAN and VOR/DME navaids for conventional radial flying

U.S. East Coast Trough Indices at 500 hPa and New England Winter Climate Variability

Using monthly gridded 500-hPa data, two synoptic indices are defined to better understand the principle mechanisms controlling intraseasonal to multiannual winter climate variability in NewEngland (NE). The “trough axis index” (TAI) is created to quantify the mean longitudinal position of the common East Coast pressure trough, and the “trough intensity index” (TII) is calculated to estimate the relative amplitude of this trough at 42.5°N. The TAI and TII are then compared with records for NE regional winter precipitation, temperature, and snowfall with the goal of understanding physical mechanisms linking NE winter climate with regional sea surface temperatures (SST), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern. The TAI correlates most significantly with winter precipitation at inland sites, such that a western (eastern)trough axis position is associated with greater (lower) average monthly precipitation. Also, significant correlations between the TAI and both NE regional SSTs and the NAO suggest that longitudinal shifting of the trough is one possible mechanism linking the North Atlantic with NE regional winterclimate variability. The NE winter temperature is significantly correlated with the TII, regional SSTs, and the NAO. While the PNA also correlates with the TII, NE winter climate variables are apparently unrelated to the PNA index

“Lucky Boy!”; Public perceptions of child sexual offending committed by women

This exploratory study addresses the existing gaps on the public perceptions of child sexual offending committed by women. Using thematic analysis, the study extracted, coded and analysed the comments (N=1651) made by the general public to nine Daily Mail online newspaper articles published from 2018 – 2019, reporting the sentencing decisions of female sex offenders, who have been charged and found guilty with the offence of sexual activity with a child. From those comments, 170 coded themes were identified, and this amounted to 3394 coded incidences. Unlike previous research, this study cross examines public responses to different typologies of offending behaviour; teachers, mothers, same sex offenders, co-offenders and finally those who offended for financial gain. The impact of these typologies was analysed through key descriptive case variables, which were quantitively evaluated against the prominent themes that emerged. It found that while people demand equal sentencing decisions between male and female child sex offenders, this is limited by public perception when the abuser is an attractive female and, as a result, perceived as less harmful to the child, who is not seen no longer as a victim but as a ‘Lucky Boy’. Such preconceptions fuel shame, social stigma and stereotyping towards sexual exposure and prevents victims to disclose their abuse and achieve closure and justice

Child Poverty Dynamics in Seven Nations

Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die Armutsdynamik bei Kindern mithilfe von Paneldaten aus sieben Ländern: USA, Großbritannien, Deutschland, Irland, Spanien, Ungarn und Russland. Neben der Verwendung von Standard- Definitionen zur Erfassung relativer Armut, werden die Übergänge in und aus dem untersten Einkommensquintil bei Kindern untersucht. In den sieben untersuchten Ländern zeigt sich eine signifikante (aber keine völlige) Übereinstimmung in den Mustern von Einkommensmobilität und Armutsdynamik. Die Ausnahme ist Russland, wo der ökonomische Wandel zu einem wesentlich höheren Mobilitätsgrad geführt hat. Interessanterweise weisen die USA - das Land mit dem höchsten Anteil relativer Armut unter den reichen Ländern - eine Mobilitätsrate auf, die unter der der anderen Nationen liegt. This paper compares child poverty dynamics cross-nationally using panel data from seven nations: the USA, Britain, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Hungary and Russia. As well as using standard relative poverty definitions the paper examines flows into and out of the poorest fifth of the children's income distribution. We find significant (but not total) uniformity in patterns of income mobility and poverty dynamics across the seven countries. The key exception is Russia, where the economic transition has led to a much higher degree of mobility. Interestingly, the USA, which has the highest level of relative poverty among the rich nations, has a mobility rate which, if anything, is less than that of the other nations.

Federal pesticide regulatory update: Moving to a national framework with local adaptations?

Recent US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pesticide regulations are establishing national performance expectations with varying degrees of flexibility for implementation at the state and local level. For example, EPA decisions concerning pesticide resistance management and pollinator, endangered species and water quality protection create opportunities for designing and specifying regional, state and/or local pesticide use requirements and practices consistent with conditions specified in Federal pesticide registrations. The regulations are highlighting the role Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and site-specific pest management decisions could play in this evolving paradigm

Evolutionary Perspectives for the Analysis of Prehistoric Lithic Artifacts: An Example from the Western Highland Rim of Tennessee

The goal of this thesis is to develop an evolutionary framework for the analysis of prehistoric lithic artifacts. The principles of evolutionary theory are presented and then extended to the lithic artifact analysis. Methods are developed based on the theoretical framework. Lithic artifacts recovered from two Terminal Archaic Wells Creek phase sites in Houston County, Tennessee are used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of such an approach. Variability can be demonstrated with respect to morphology, technology, and function of lithic implements. Elements that may represent attributes under selective pressure are examined. The lithic material recovered from the two sites is shown to be quite distinct from other contemporary groups in the area. It is suggested here, based on similarities in both morphological forms and technology, that Wells Creek is related to the Riverton Culture and similar entities known from archaeological remains recovered from sites north of the study area. Radiocarbon dates for Wells Creek overlap those of Riverton and other similar groups

What Constitutes Best Medical Therapy for Peripheral Arterial Disease?

AbstractPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, largely from coronary and cerebrovascular disease, which often overshadows the PAD itself. Best Medical Therapy (BMT), comprising smoking cessation, antiplatelet agent use, cholesterol reduction, exercise therapy, and the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and diabetes mellitus; is evidenced based and can result in significant reductions in cardiovascular risk, as well as some improvement in PAD. Previous data have largely been restricted to patients with coronary artery disease, and their relevance to PAD has been extrapolated. However, data are now starting to become available, such as the Heart Protection Study, with data specific to PAD patients. This article reviews the data regarding the use of BMT in patients with PAD, and based on this, makes recommendations for the use of BMT in this group of patients